Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention encompasses the states that have ratified or acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention, a multilateral treaty outlawing the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. In addition, these states are members of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
On January 13, 1993, the Convention was opened for signature.[1] Fiji became the first state to ratify the Convention on January 20, 1993.[1] Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, it entered into force on April 29, 1997, after it had been ratified by 65 states.[1] The Convention was closed for signature on the preceding day, and states that did not sign the Convention can now only accede to it. Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, for states that ratify or accede to the Convention after this date, the Convention enters into force 30 days after their deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession.
A total of 197 states may become parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention, including 193 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, Niue, Palestine, and Vatican City. As of May 2018, 193 states have ratified or acceded to the Convention (most recently Palestine on 17 May 2018) and another state (Israel) has signed but not ratified the Convention.[1] Only Egypt, North Korea, and South Sudan have neither signed nor acceded to the Convention. All four states which are not parties are suspected of possessing chemical weapons.
Of the four non-parties, South Sudan stated in December 2017 that it “has all but concluded the process of joining the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons”.[2] Ahmet Üzümcü, the Director-General of the OPCW, has stated that Egypt, Israel, and North Korea had “regional reasons” for not joining.[3][4] Egypt has promised to ratify the Convention if Israel, the only state in the Middle East that is believed to possess nuclear weapons, ratifies the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.[5][6][7] Israel, meanwhile, has stated that it will ratify the Convention if all other non-parties in the region (of which only Egypt remains) do so as well.[5][8] In addition, Israel has been reluctant to ratify due to an unwillingness to grant OPCW inspectors access to its military bases.[9] North Korea is thought to be unlikely to become a party for the foreseeable future.[10]
Contents
- 1List of States Parties
- 2States that have signed but not ratified
- 3Non-signatory states
- 4States with limited recognition
- 5See also
- 6Notes
- 7References
- 8External links
List of States Parties[edit]
State Party[1]SignedDepositedEntered into force
Afghanistan14 January 199324 September 200324 October 2003
Albania14 January 199311 May 199429 April 1997
Algeria13 January 199314 August 199529 April 1997
Andorra — 27 February 200329 March 2003
Angola — 16 September 201516 October 2015
Antigua and Barbuda — 29 August 200528 September 2005
Argentina13 January 19932 October 199529 April 1997
Armenia19 March 199327 January 199529 April 1997
Australia13 January 19936 May 199429 April 1997
Austria13 January 199317 August 199529 April 1997
Azerbaijan13 January 199329 February 200030 March 2000
Bahamas, The2 March 199423 April 200922 May 2009
Bahrain24 February 199328 April 199729 April 1997
Bangladesh14 January 199325 April 199729 April 1997
Barbados — 7 March 20076 April 2007
Belarus14 January 199311 July 199629 April 1997
Belgium13 January 199327 January 199729 April 1997
Belize — 1 December 200331 December 2003
Benin14 January 199314 May 199813 June 1998
Bhutan24 April 199718 August 200517 September 2005
Bolivia14 January 199314 August 199813 September 1998
Bosnia and Herzegovina16 January 199725 February 199729 April 1997
Botswana — 31 August 199830 September 1998
Brazil13 January 199313 March 199629 April 1997
Brunei13 January 199328 July 199727 August 1997
Bulgaria13 January 199310 August 199429 April 1997
Burkina Faso14 January 19938 July 19977 August 1997
Burundi15 January 19934 September 19984 October 1998
Cape Verde15 January 199310 October 20039 November 2003
Cambodia15 January 199319 July 200518 August 2005
Cameroon14 January 199316 September 199629 April 1997
Canada13 January 199326 September 199529 April 1997
Central African Republic14 January 199320 September 200620 October 2006
Chad11 October 199413 February 200414 March 2004
Chile14 January 199312 July 199629 April 1997
China13 January 199325 April 199729 April 1997
Colombia13 January 19935 April 20005 May 2000
Comoros13 January 199318 August 200617 September 2006
Congo, Democratic Republic of the14 January 199312 October 200511 November 2005
Congo, Republic of the15 January 19934 December 20073 January 2008
Cook Islands14 January 199315 July 199429 April 1997
Costa Rica14 January 199331 May 199629 April 1997
Côte d’Ivoire13 January 199318 December 199529 April 1997
Croatia13 January 199323 May 199529 April 1997
Cuba13 January 199329 April 199729 May 1997
Cyprus13 January 199328 August 199827 September 1998
Czech Republic14 January 19936 March 199629 April 1997
Denmark14 January 199313 July 199529 April 1997
Djibouti28 September 199325 January 200624 February 2006
Dominica2 August 199312 February 200114 March 2001
Dominican Republic13 January 199327 March 200926 April 2009
East Timor — 7 May 20036 June 2003
Ecuador14 January 19936 September 199529 April 1997
El Salvador14 January 199330 October 199529 April 1997
Equatorial Guinea14 January 199325 April 199729 April 1997
Eritrea — 14 February 200015 March 2000
Estonia14 January 199326 May 199925 June 1999
Eswatini23 September 199320 November 199629 April 1997
Ethiopia14 January 199313 May 199629 April 1997
Fiji14 January 199320 January 199329 April 1997
Finland14 January 19937 February 199529 April 1997
France13 January 19932 March 199529 April 1997
Gabon13 January 19938 September 20008 October 2000
Gambia, The13 January 199319 May 199818 June 1998
Georgia14 January 199327 November 199529 April 1997
Germany13 January 199312 August 199429 April 1997
States that have signed but not ratified[edit]
- Israel — 13 January 1993
Non-signatory states[edit]
The following states are eligible to become parties to the Convention, but have not acceded to it.
https://yobare1608.medium.com/organisation-for-the-prohibition-of-chemical-weapons-561d107d74b7
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https://dedecab107.medium.com/united-nations-general-assembly-84c7f6f996ed
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https://arrabble.medium.com/international-atomic-energy-agency-449906e3b92b
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